Laser safety risk assessment wiki

What are we doing?

The Radiation Protection Service has opened a wiki for the purposes of collaborating on the development of risk assessments. The reasoning behind this is, while we in RPS have a level of competence and are able to guide the process, we are not practicing laserists and do not have the detailed operational knowledge, particularly in complex or high risk applications, to reach a sensible balance between hazard control and function.

Who are the contributing partners?

The Service, Laser Safety Officers, experienced laserists and other persons with specialist knowledge e.g. competence in the safe use of cryogenics, work with electrical equipment, handling halogen gases.

What should partners do?

The Service will start each page each activity, lay out the format and enter some text. What you can do is edit the text so that it makes sense, is practical and operationally sensible, and together we will have pooled our knowledge and made suitable and sufficient risk assessments.

The Service will periodically update the laser database, VIRGIL (enter directly at http://rsid.leeds.ac.uk/lasers/ or via The Service home page http://www.leeds.ac.uk/rps/) from the wiki.

Where to find the wiki

The wiki is on the secure site, and only visible to persons who have a University login: https://wiki.leeds.ac.uk/index.php/Laser_Safety.

To use the wiki navigate to the page you wish to edit, click on the edit command (top ribbon) and start entering text using the on-screen editing tool. Further information on creating and using wikis can be found here (leedswikistart-new).

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North Eastern Region RSR Environment Agency Customer Liaison Meeting

Meeting: North Eastern Region Environment Agency Customer Liaison Meeting

Date: 7th March 2012

Venue: Phoenix House, Leeds

Strategic planning

The Environment Agency’s ‘Sector Intervention Plan (2011-15)’ marks a shift in the way the EA undertakes its business. At present each inspector covers a wide range of business sectors e.g. agriculture, chemicals, construction, hazardous waste, nuclear, non-nuclear radioactive, water, WEEE. The EA feels consequences of this are that inspectors tend to be ‘Jack of all trades’ and lack detailed specialised knowledge. In the future teams will be reorganised to cover a smaller number of sectors with people being more expert in fewer sectors.

In contrast to the HSEs approach, the EA policy will continue to be one of engagement with an emphasis on assisting businesses in complying with their permit conditions rather than making statutory interventions after breaches have taken place.

Priorities

Agency priorities to 2015 are, in order of importance:

1) Security and controlling access to materials and equipment that could be used for criminal intent. The EA is now a Security Regulator alongside CTSA, and is an international exemplar assisting countries with less developed security infrastructures.

2) Waste minimisation.

3) BAT – the use of best available techniques to contain and restrict exposure to hazardous materials, particularly radioactive sources (and minimise waste arisings, see priority 2, above).

4) Environmental impact – to ensure that discharges do not affect the environment or cause harm to people, and to ensure that employees do not become exposed whilst handling waste materials.

5) Incident preparedness and contingency planning.

Inspection regime

Inspections will tend not to look at ‘box ticking’ but will focus on the delivery of outcomes through inspection e.g. better governance, environmental controls, security arrangements.

Incident management

Inspectors will no longer (necessarily) turn out in pursuance of incidents, but will endeavour to ascertain whether situations can be brought under control by site operators.

All environmental incidents, reports of occurrences, including observations by the public should be made to the incident hotline 0800 807060 (open 24/365). The call centre will ask questions and relay the report to an appropriate regional inspector who will determine whether there is likely to be an impact. At this stage the regional inspector will respond in person or work through with a local ‘expert’. If an inspector is required to attend but cannot do so, the call will go out to a national inspector, if no-one is available the call will go back up the chain to a national ‘expert’: in the case of radiation incidents this will be the nuclear industry (power generation or MOD).

Ian Haslam,

8th March 2012

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Chameleon V PLate Reader Demonstration

The following article was submitted by Saager Parmar of LabLogic and relates to a demonstration they have arranged in the LIGHT labs.

There have been a number of groups at Leeds University that have shown interest in our plate reader, but have been hesitant to see it as they are not sure that they are in a position to buy. Because of this we have arranged a demonstration for anyone who is interested to come and see it in action!

The demonstration would take place on the 26th January from 10am onwards in the LIGHT building. If anyone would like to run their own samples to see its performance, please let me know, so I can arrange for suitable filters.

The Chameleon V plate reader is a multi-technology plate reader capable of:

  • Liquid Scintillation Counting
  • Fluorescence Intensity
  • Time Resolved Fluorescence
  • Fluorescence Polarization
  • Luminescence
  • Absorbance

http://www.lablogic.com/display.asp?name=chameleon

All of this on one compact platform, saving not only space, but price, as there is no longer a need to buy a number of dedicated plate readers!

Saager Parmar (Sales Executive; sparmar@lablogic.com)

LabLogic Systems Ltd,
Paradigm House,
3 Melbourne Avenue,
Sheffield, S10 2QJ

Phone: +44 114 266 7267

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Nuclear science information portal

A portal to databases on radionuclide properties and decay, derived dose rates, ICRP-based dose coefficients, shielding factors, educational resources, etcetera etcetera can be found at www.nucleonica.net. Whilst the data are not thoroughly referenced (e.g. the inhaled tritium dose co-efficient does not correspond with other published data), this is still an outstanding resource.

To get full access to the portal readers will need to register as a Nucleonica user –> on the menu bar on the left hand side of their home page click on the link <Free Access>, then go to <Register>.

Nucleonica was developed at the Institute for Transuranium Elements and is owned by the European Atomic Energy Community.

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Why making assumptions on the basis of tiny amounts of knowledge is dangerous

This item has been lifted in its entirety from a University of London press release. It serves as an example that illustrates how the US Government is coming by its ‘evidence’ that research into avian flu will help terrorists.

Locations of Ancient Woolworths Stores follow Precise Geometrical Pattern

Matt Parker, based in the School of Mathematical Sciences at Queen Mary, University of London, has analysed the locations of the 800 Woolworths stores to reveal precise geometric patterns. This was based on the work of Mr Tom Brooks (a retired marketing executive of Honiton, Devon) who found similar patterns in prehistoric monuments across the UK.

Mr Brooks looked at 1500 sites and found that some of them follow geometric patterns and he concluded that they must have been part of a sophisticated navigational system. This was reported in the UK national press on 5 January 2010, with the Daily Mail reporting that the patterns were so “sophisticated and accurate” that “he does not rule out extraterrestrial help.”

Matt Parker then decided to apply this technique to another ancient and mysterious civilisation: that of the Woolworths stores.

“We know so little about the ancient Woolworth stores, but we do still know their locations” explains Matt Parker, “so I thought that if we analysed the sites we could learn more about what life was like in 2008 and how these people went about buying cheap kitchen accessories and discount CDs.”

The results revealed an exact and precise geometric placement of the Woolworths locations. Three stores around Birmingham formed an exact equilateral triangle (Wolverhampton, Lichfield and Birmingham stores) and if the base of the triangle is extended, it forms a 173.8 mile line linking the Conwy and Luton stores. Despite the 173.8 mile distance involved, the Conway Woolworths store is only 40 feet off the exact line and the Luton site is within 30 feet.  All four stores align with an accuracy of 0.05%.

The bisector of this same triangle then passes through the Monmouth, West Bromwich and Alfreton store locations with an accuracy of 0.5%. There are also grids of isosceles triangles – those with two sides of equal length – on each side of the Birmingham Woolworths Triangle. One such isosceles triangle made with Stafford only has an error of 3% and it points directly at the Northwich Woolworths store that is itself only 0.6% off being exactly isosceles.

Matt Parker concludes that “these incredibly precise geometric patterns mean that the people who founded the Woolworths Empire must have used these store locations as a form of ‘landmark satnav’ to help hunters find their nearest source of cheap sweets that can be purchased in whatever mix they chose to pick. Well, that or the fact that in any sufficiently large set of random data it is possible to find meaningless patterns of any required accuracy.”

These patterns were found from the 800 random ex-Woolworth locations by simply skipping over the vast majority of the sites and only choosing the few that happen to line-up. Matt Parker claims he could find many more such patterns, but he had some actual real work to do. He does envy Mr Tom Brooks though, who with 1500 locations, had almost twice as much data to pull meaningless patterns from.

“It is extremely important to look at how much data people are using to support an argument” Matt Parker warned. “For example, the case for global warming covers vast amounts of comprehensive evidence, but it is still possible for people to search through the data and find a few isolated examples that appear to show otherwise.”

Map showing locations and patterns:

Matt Parker (matt@standupmaths.com)

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Survivors!

‘Alarm as Dutch lab creates highly contagious killer flu’ writes Steve Connor of The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/alarm-as-dutch-lab-creates-highly-contagious-killer-flu-6279474.html

What’s really going on here?  I’m only making an educated guess, but I suspect that Fouchier’s research interests lie in developing our understanding of the pathology of avian flu (how it interacts with a host) and more specifically, in improving our knowledge of the mechanisms by which the ‘bonding sites’ on the virus can be manipulated. This is what scientists do! There’s no mystique about this, no suspicious work being carried out in basement laboratories by an Igor, no mad scientist taking over the world, No Drax, no Blofeld, no virus omega…these things only exist as figments in the overly fertilized minds of the US Administration and of their colleagues at Burpleson Air Force Base… http://intepid.com/2005-04-27/12.25/.

Why do research into avian flu?

Looking at an analogy may help us get the collective head around the research being carried out by Fouchier and help us understand why this work is important. The human influenza virus that causes flu (influenza A virus) is highly contagious and of concern for people with reduced immunity (e.g. the very young and the elderly): in the UK around 4000 deaths are attributed to flu each year. With such a toll on life it is therefore desirable that something be done.

Unfortunately it isn’t possible to produce a permanent vaccine. Viruses such as influenza are usually highly unstable, they constantly mutate and the active sites on the virus continually change, which means it is impossible to trick the body into developing a permanent immunity. Influenza A is observed and new vaccines prepared each year - the annual flu jab.

Avian influenza is no different from influenza A in most aspects. It is highly contagious, carries a heightened risk to certain groups, mutates rapidly etc. etc. and people do not develop a permanent immunity. However, in the same way that influenza A can be characterised in time to prepare the desired annual vaccine, so it should be possible to do the same with avian flu…once we have knowledge and understanding of how the virus works, and the only way to crack the code of the avian flu virus is to carry out basic research, which is what Fouchier is doing, and then publish the results for scientific scrutiny (peer review) and further experimentation in the scientific community.

Dual use – a weapon of mass destruction?

The US administration is getting itself worked up into a self-righteous rage because the mind-set of the US government thinks in terms of commies under the bed and terrrrsts across the globe using ’dual use’ technology, i.e. nuclear power, chemicals, engineering, metallurgy, lasers, and research into HIV, cancer, smallpox, cholera, malaria, SARS, Ebola, the common cold.

We have to remember that besides the great things that America represents, it is a schizophrenic nation. The USA is also McCarthy, Emmett Till, the 2001 Patriot Act, waterboarding, rendition, Guantanamo Bay (still open Mr Obama), the US veto on Palestine recognition, and the default action of the post 9/11 US administration is to attempt to control world knowledge and trade…e.g. the search for an avian flu vaccine just in case there could be opportunities for ‘dual use’.

Who’s paranoid?

Is it me that’s paranoid here or expressing unfair anti-US sentiment? No, I think not. Steve Connor writes that ’…a senior scientific adviser to the US Government told The Independent, speaking on condition of anonymity. “The worst-case scenario here is worse than anything you can imagine”…’

Worse than anything you can imagine my left foot. Come on, get real! And why does a ‘senior adviser’ require anonymity? Possibly if the action is repressive and threatening, e.g. by attempting to direct two of the world’s leading scientific journals http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/21/bird-flu-science-journals-us-censor. Oppressive regimes do need to work in secret, although to date such oppression has usually been associated with those types of countries whose leaders wear extravagant military uniforms.

A tenuous point?

Of course, the Americans may have a tenuous point. It cannot be denied with the cast iron certainty one can bend horse shoes around that: if the avian flu strain left the confines of a clean lab in a viable (live) form, and could be replicated in similar high-tec laboratories in sufficiently large quantities to cause an epidemic, and it was still viable after that, and it could then be shipped out and packaged into a missile delivery system (and no it can’t just be canned-up and stuck on the front of a rocket), and was still viable after that…then it might just be possible to use it as a terrorist tool…assuming the climatic conditions are just right, humidity is right, and the rocket won’t kill the potential human vectors on landing.

Contemporary modus operandi formidilosus

But how do terrorists operate?. Large laboratory facilities with roof mounted rocket systems or secretive cells meeting in dingy cafes? I suspect the latter and using home-made explosives out of stuff bought from the local garden centre. Or possibly terrorist cyber attacks if technically gifted.

Unless your idea of a terrorist is a country with a paranoid regime? We know Hussein used chemicals as the weapon of choice. Or fear, and the indicators there are torture, repression of the press / media,  complex secret services.

In the real world viruses, bio-agents and even nuclear are, in reality, ineffective.

Does humankind need weapons to be colossally stupid?

A final thought! A recent example of a virus being spread to a peaceful nation is the cholera disaster that killed over 7000 Haitians, and it was the United Nations who are alleged to have caused that.

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Think for yourself

‘Move fast and break things’ … ‘done is better than perfect’; ideal maxims to describe creativity and innovation: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9661000/9661849.stm.

The Radiation Protection Service here at the University of Leeds could be regarded as a serious threat to counterculture for, in essence, it should be here to translate and enforce the rules. Shouldn’t it? Sure, where sources of ionising radiation are used in research and teaching it is essential that the working environment is safe and secure, and also, from a statutory perspective we have to create a defence against our strict liabilities. Even our hard pressed academics have no quarrel with this.

The issue is how things are done. Depending on one’s stance, confidence and ability one can be a controller and hide behind The Rules, or one can be a driver and use the ethos behind the rules to create? Indeed, the actuality is that safety-based legislation is written with a great deal of flexibility, and we work creatively with that to support innovation. We ‘work with the rules so that there are no rules’…not the best slogan in the world, but it’s kind of there. I think Steve Wozniak would agree.

Here’s a couple of examples. Legislation says that: (a) in radiation laboratories steps must be taken to safeguard radioactive materials, (b) laser labs must be secured in order to prevent people getting in the way of high energy laser beams, [at CERN people must not get in the way of the particles whizzing around the Hadron Collider]. Ok, we’ve nothing to do with CERN, that’s just in here to show what can be achieved when safety gets built-in rather than being added on as an afterthought - when it then gets in the way of free thinking. At this university, when an academic comes to us with a wacky, “I’d like to do this but I don’t think the rules will allow it”, type of idea, we say “we might have to tinker around the edges and be a little creative, but let’s get the charcoal lit”.

Leeds people carry out incredibly fascinating research, some pursuing those blind alleys from where world-changing innovation arises, some iterative (the stuff the Government thinks is relevant science and engineering). We believe that our part in all of this is to move work along, and we do this by ensuring that radiation and laser safety is built-in to the way experiments work, usually by applying our expertise to design matters, be they lab or experiment design. For example, if we can ensure that a lab is secure, properly equipped, has clean air, good lighting, is a pleasant environment then 80% of the safety stuff will have been addressed without anyone noticing it. In a dust-free laser lab optics don’t get coated in gunk, which means people don’t have to undertake frequent cleaning and alignment, which means the likelihood of accidents is reduced. The same holds true with ionising radiation labs. Where facilities are good the quality of work is good, and this means no repeats, less radioactivity being used and the likelihood of exposures is reduced. When all this comes together it means that rules are supportive, frustrations are eased, and the equals is…creative expression.

In these times of austerity it is vital that every penny is directed towards output, and that creative people are allowed to do what they do…innovate.

But what really gets our goat are the herds of Dayglo Warriors roaming the fertile plains telling us “you can’t do that because of health and safety”. If ever there was a manifestation of Terry Pratchett’s ‘Auditors of Reality’, this mob of losers are it.

So, if Lord Young and Professor Lofsted get it, David Cameron gets it and Judith Hackitt (Chair of the HSE) gets it, then its time for all of us to get it: do some lean engineering and think for ourselves.

Start here http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_9661000/9661755.stm.

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